Earned a ‘C’ on my chess homework!

      In a 1930’s, Cecil Purdy said you could sit down for practice with three chess masters at any time by opening a book of games. In Purdy’s recommended practice method — playing through a master game and guessing the winner’s moves as you go — you’re at the board with three great masters of the past.

      The master sitting opposite — the opponent — never says a thing. The master beside you plays with your consultation, but Purdy says he’s very stubborn, and insists on his move. When your guess agrees with the move actually played, excellent! Play the opponent’s move, and guess again.

      When your guess doesn’t match, the third master will whisper to you at times: “Ah, we see your point, but our friend here believes in this other move because….” and “Your choice is just as good — maybe better! — as your partner’s choice, but we must go with his.” You retract your move, replace it with the move actually played, make the opponent’s move, guess again.

      Do this many, many, many times with a good selection of games. Purdy (and everyone who studies in this fashion) knows it’s discouraging as heck, but with diligence, you’ll guess increasingly longer sequences of moves, while learning to think like a master.

      Your consultation partner is the master who won the game you’re playing through, and the master guiding you along is the annotator. I forget which of the Thinkers’ Press collections of Purdy’s articles includes that whimsical metaphor (I might have to open some moving boxes to find my books, but I’ll have to pack them again soon … I think ). I like the metaphorical description better than this drier outline at this site of Purdy sayings, and this distillation in an old newspaper column, because it’s easier to see the value in this form of practice when you think about it like being seated with three masters at once.

      I’m an ardent believer in this practice. I’ve played so many games ‘for practice’, read so many books and articles ‘for learning’, but after almost 50 years, I’m sure the only thing that truly helped was guessing moves in two books: Capablanca’s Best Games by Golombek, and Capablanca’s Best Chess Endings by Chernev.

      I like the setups that reward you in some fashion. The Solitaire Chess books and articles by Horowitz and Pandolfini put you through this exercise, awarding a score for correct guesses, and a grade at the end. The Guess the Move feature at chessgames.com handles the scoring for you, and its computer grades the quality of your guesses — +3 for a correct guess down to -3 for a serious mistake — then gives you a grade at the end.

      For that Guess the Move feature, chessgames dot com is the only subscription-based chess website that deserves my money. You can perform the practice with any digital game by guessing then clicking, but the grades in progress and at the end make it more enjoyable.

      I selected Eisenberg-Capablanca, New York 1909 for guessing a few nights ago. The game has a unique history. Capablanca’s scoresheet was among the items his wife bequeathed to a library, under wraps for so long that the score wasn’t included in the first edition of Caparros’ ‘complete’ anthology of known Capablanca games.

      It’s a long game, requiring four practice sessions across three days — I had to sleep three times in the course of playing through it, a luxury Capablanca didn’t have, but in 1909, he was still an energetic college baseball player.

      Chessgames dot com tracks the scores of everyone who plays uses their Guess the Move feature, assigning a “par score” from the average. I’m most pleased to say that I wrecked the grade curve: Par was 92, until my 146 raised par to 101.

      This is what life with my teacher is like: I crushed the grade curve at chessgames dot com, earning an OUTSTANDING!, but according to my teacher, 45 correct guesses in 56 is worthy of a passing grade, a C.

L.R. Eisenberg
J.R. Capablanca
Casual game
April 15, 1909 – Rice CC, New York, NY USA
Click or tap on a move in the game text for a popout display board.
1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Nf64.Ng5d5
      White invested three units of time in bluffing at the f7-pawn, and I suggest Black call the bluff, even though it gives up the castling right:
4…Bc55.Bxf7+Ke7, now White has to make another bishop move before …h7-h6 attacks its guard. After another developing move by Black (usually …Rh8-f8 to prevent a fork), Black has two developing moves in exchange for a pawn and the loss of castling rights.
5.exd5Na5
      I favor 5…b5, another speculative pawn sacrifice for which Capablanca had no time (or need) .
6.Bb5+c67.dxc6bxc6
      The Guess the Move feature asks one to start guessing here, which coincides with the extent of my book knowledge.
8.Be2h6
      Black can see that unless White opts to decentralize by 9. Nh3, Black can prevent White from castling (whether that’s the right thing to do or not).
9.Nf3e410.Ne5Qd4
      Capablanca noted on his scoresheet that this was how not to play the Two Knights as Black (“I send you this game which I played the other day so that (barring the ending) you may know how not to play for Black.”). 10…Bd6 is the opinion of a solid majority.
11.f4Bc512.Rf1Bb6
      I guessed the move order 12…Qd6 13…Bb6, which the chessgames dot com computer scores as equally correct.
13.c3Qd6
      The other retreats are to d5, which runs into b2-b4 plus the skewer Be2-c4, and to d8, undeveloping (grandmaster Geller picked …Qd4-d8, uncharacteristically).
14.b4Nb715.Qa4Bd7
      Black’s first at-will move since 8…h6. 15…Nd8 was chosen in a couple games after 1998. Capablanca develops his pieces, whereas modern players undevelop theirs.
16.Na3O-O
      The note at move 15 about “first at-will move” was here at first, as though 15…Bd7 was an ‘only move’ in my mind.
17.Nac4Qc7
      The choice is between c7 and e7; ….Qd6-c7 can be preferred for helping the c6-pawn, and avoiding a skewer from a3.
18.Nxd7Nxd7
      Not 18…Qxd7, inviting 19. Ne5.
19.Qc2Rfe820.a4
      In De Visser-Baird, 5th US Chess Congress 1880, White played 20. Ne3 (old games resemble other old games). Any player who plays as Capablanca does for 20 moves is bound to be pretty good: David Graham Baird was New York state champion in 1895.
20…a5
      Black has to do something about a4-a5. In similar positions, some went for …a7-a6, though that poses a greater risk of being steamrolled in that corner.
21.Rb1Rad8
      I guessed …Ba7. Like I said, Capablanca developed another piece while lesser players undeveloped them.
22.Qb3Ba7
      With another heavy white piece on the b-file, and the queen rook developed, nothing else could be considered.
23.Ba3axb4
      A difficult decision. 23…axb4 is designed to keep the b-file closed for a bit longer and to eliminate Black’s worst weakness. On the other hand, Black knows the likely reply is cxb4, bringing a helper to the very scary a-pawn. For 23…axb4, I went into the tank for a spell that leads to time trouble, an impractically long time. This is why it’s a good reason for performing this exercise with a chess clock running beside your board, set to a preferred time control: To train yourself to avoid excessive deliberation.
24.cxb4c5
      Along with 21…Rad8 (and the move order flip at 13), this was my second wrong guess. My teacher sets 80% correct as a passing grade, which is really hard. There have been 17 moves to guess. In 10…Qd4, Capablanca made one move he regretted, while 12…Qd6 is not as popular as 12…Qd8, and 23…axb4 was a tough call. Say you missed those three — two for feel for the position, and one because it was hard. That’s 14/17, or 82%. One more incorrect guess — 13/17 — drops the rate to 76%, missing my teacher’s mark.
      After 24…c5, I’ve hit 15/17 because 10…Qd4 (questionable) and 12…Qd6 got good marks for artistic impression (my teacher says I’m more disposed to guess more of Capablanca’s unforced moves than other students — it helps a lot if you work with games that suit your style).
      Back to 24…c5: I don’t get why Black placed a pawn where four of his pieces might go (especially, the bishop’s whole diagonal is blocked). Also, White gets the choice of creating a duo of passed pawns (and leaving the c5-pawn in front of the a7-bishop), or opening the file for the doubled heavy pieces. My guess was 24…Nb6, aiming to bring the queen to b6 to form the diagonal battery.
25.b5Na526.Nxa5Qxa5
      Black wants to gum up the black squares on the queenside, and coordinate against a4 and d2.
27.Bb2
      Now I saw Qc3 coming to break up Black’s scheme, and I began thinking “Who the heck is this simultaneous exhibition opponent”? (In fact, Eisenberg was a master, whose known victims included Pillsbury.)
27…Nb628.Qc3Qxc329.Bxc3Nxa4
      This is Black’s wish with …Nb6, but there’s the danger of a skewer on the a-file.
30.Be5Bb8
      I reluctantly guessed 30…f6, loosening the white squares loosen while White has the only bishop there (Be2-c4+ is made easy).
31.b6
       More than the push of a passed pawn. White introduces the fork Be2-b5 to the mix.
31…Re632.Bc7Rf8
I guessed  
32…Bxc7, foreseeing33.bxc7Rf834.Rb8Nb6, but Capablanca’s line results in a more active rook.
33.Bd1Bxc734.bxc7Rb635.Ra1Nb236.Bg4
      I thought I was crushing it, guessing more of Capablanca’s moves than ever before. Then 35. Bg4 landed, and it dawns on me that Black is losing a rook for bishop.
36…Rc637.c8=QRfxc838.Bxc8Rxc839.Ke2
      Now what?! I think: “This guy is one of the best exhibition opponents Capablanca had ever seen by 1909”. White is winning, but we know Capablanca wins eventually, because Guess the Move only furnishes wins (Purdy said it’s OK to guess one side of a draw, which might be more difficult because you’re mostly maintaining the balance against a master, while guessing wins often means finding tactics and combinations, which most players do best.
39…Rd8
      Black has two pieces that must be developed, king and rook. None of the plans for the king stands out: …f7-f6 to prepare …Kg8-f7 doesn’t fly because White plays Ra1-a7; …g7-g6 beckons f4-f5 to get the f1-rook going, …Kg8-h7 feels wrong. So I looked to the rook, eventually settling on 39… Rc7, putting …f7-f6 plus …Kg8-f7 in play, but 39…Rd8 is much better. It’s the most active rook move (d2 is the clear point of counterattack), and the rook can defend the c-file along the ranks instead of on the file. None of the king plans is good? Let them wait.
40.g3Kh7
      I guessed 40…Nc4, but Capablanca was still thinking — like at move 39 — that king and rook had to develop. He made the most active rook move first, then figured …Kg8-h7 was the best he could do for the king (while I let …Rc8-d8 sway me into abandoning the plan to develop).
41.f5Nc4
      I went for 41…h5 as a means of improving Black’s king mobility while cutting the g3-pawn off, and putting …h5-h4 in the picture.
42.Ra2Rd5
      42…Rd5 didn’t occur to me at alI, but it ties the f1-rook to defense of f5, and takes care of c5 (so in case of …Ra2-c2, Black can move the knight). Again I tried 42…h5 as a prelude to king activity. Four wrong guesses in a row!
43.g4Ne5
      Look around, and you might agree the centralizing and threatening knight move is Black’s only constructive try.
44.Rf4Nd3
      I missed, overlooking 45…Nc1+!.
45.Rf1Ne5
      As it was at move 43, Black doesn’t have much to do, so returning the knight to e5 is the best thing to do. Black is offering a draw by repeating moves: 46. Rf4 Nd3, but since we know Black eventually won, it meant one of three things: 1) White erred while pushing too hard to win, 2) White blundered, 3) time forfeit.
46.Ra4
       Rejecting the implicit draw offer, as he should.
46…c4
      I guessed something dumb. Whatever I thought about the fragility of White’s kingside pawns, the principle “to win, trade pieces; to draw, trade pawns” does not well apply here. The e4-pawn is Black’s biggest asset, and 46…c4 is the only way to save it (that doesn’t trade the rooks like 46…Rd4).
47.h3Nf3
      I remember thinking “yes!” when revealing Black’s move, but it’s the most active move, so what else.
48.Rxc4Rxd2+49.Ke3Rh2
      Enough pawns have disappeared for Black to feel pretty good about a draw, especially considering that this is one of those weird situations in which the knight would be better than a bishop, and almost as good as a rook. When all the pawns are on one side of the board, the stretching ability of rooks and bishops means less, while the knight becomes favored over the bishop for its ability to hit both square colors.
50.Rd1Ng551.Rd8Rxh3+52.Ke2Rh2+53.Ke3Rh3+
      For the second time, Black repeats moves with an implicit draw offer, because there’s nothing else to do.
54.Kd2
      White probably should’ve taken the draw this time, because e4-e3+ can be played with gain of time.
54…g6
      White is coming to checkmate, so Black must make room for the king.
55.f6e3+!
      Rcc8 is coming, so what’s there to do about it? The checkmate will have to be averted by a luft move by a pawn. The rules of chess say Black can create an interposition by
55…h556.Rcc8Kh657.Rh8+Nh7, but when the best you can say about a plan is “all its moves are legal”, you’re either about to resign, or you find another plan. So Black must find a method for moving the g-pawn, knowing that it unguards f7 and e4. 55…e3+ puts the rook in charge of the e-pawn, and there’s time for it because it’s check.
56.Ke2Ne657.Rd7g558.Rxf7+Kg659.Re7Kxf660.Rxe6+
      White has come unglued.
60…Kxe661.Re4+Kd562.Rxe3?Rxe3+63.Kxe3
      With a little study of pawn endings, you know that in the case of blocked pawns like g4/g5, if either king can reach one of the three squares beside the pawn (d4-f4 for the white pawn, d5-f5 for black), the pawn can be won. And you also know that even though Black can force the win of the g4-pawn, it’s still a draw when White answers …Kf4xg4 with Kg2! =. But with the h6-pawn on the board. it’s an easy win. White resigned after 63…Ke5, but imagine White played on, below.
63…Ke5
      45/56 80.4%, a passing grade!
0–1

64.Kf3Kd4!
      I’ve been writing at least one piece per week about kings in opposition, and here’s the motif again.
65.Kf2Ke466.Kg3Ke3!67.Kg2Kf468.Kh3Kf3!69.Kh2Kxg470.Kg2
      If not for the h-pawn, it’s a draw.
70…h571.Kh2Kf372.Kh1Kg373.Kg1g4
      Black wins without the h-pawn; imagine Black completely botches it.
74.Kh1h475.Kg1h376.Kh1Kh477.Kh2g3+78.Kh1h279.Kg2Kg480.Kh1
      What now? …Kh3 is stalemate, and …g2+ loses both pawns.
80…Kh481.Kg2h1=Q+!
       Unless you know the position at 82…Kh3, the thought of losing one of the pawns terrifies poor students.
82.Kxh1Kh383.Kg1g284.Kf2Kh20–1


Source image for thumbnails.

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